Final environmental ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Final environmental ethics - Research Paper Example In regards to this, ecology plays an important role in helping to understand the responsibility of human beings towards one another and the environment. In addition, it helps understand why these responsibilities are existent. There are a number of ecological disciplines that assist in achieving the goal of understanding the moral obligations of human beings. This paper will discuss the debate raised by Leopold’s suggestion: that the role and view of man should change from an anthropocentric one to – to one that allows hem to accord the natural world intrinsic ethical value. The paper will discuss the nature that man should play like a warden of the natural-world community, but not the conqueror, who can exploit the natural world for the selfish interests (Leopold, 1960, p. 220). Discussion Many scholars argue that human beings have a moral standing – which is superior to that of the natural world, including animals and the natural phenomena. However, the minimal extension of the moral nature of humans to cover the natural world causes real and difficult problems. These scholars, including Aldo Leopold hold that such an anthropocentric ethics base fails to go a long way, in offering the regard and the protection to be offered by the different natural community members. Therefore, they have offered and carried out studies, geared at the expansion of moral standing, to reach beyond the human community. Under this perspective, they claim that the selfish benefits of human beings can be addressed or eliminated through advocating, thus realization of better regard and treatment for the natural environment. In this regard, Radical ecology views moral standing as insufficient to resolve the environmental threats facing the natural balance to be attained. Radical ecologists argue that contrary to the shallow approach by moral standing, a wider philosophical perspective should be adapted, where human beings will shift their attitude towards the envi ronment as well as their understanding of reality of the balance between the different community members. In a bid to achieve this, it is necessary that human beings re- examine their place, so as to be able to comprehend the place they take and how they identify with the rest of the natural world, which is often abused, through uncontrolled abuse of the natural world. The utilitarian tradition of environmental ethics, on the other hand, holds that the maximum good and for the greatest number should be the goal, in defining the value and the importance to be given to the parts of the natural environment. The model, particularly points out two types of good to be considered, including the good which is held to be good for its own sake and the good which is good, because; it promotes other areas of good. Towards attaining this, preferences under watch are compared, where the preferences of different people or groups are conflicting. One of the major strengths of this model is that it is embedded in ordinary ways of reasoning and thinking (Des Jardins, 2001, p. 30-32; Abbey, 2002). These views are relatively divergent to those of deep ecology, which works on the basis of the basic principle that the living environment as a whole has similar rights to live and flourish. The endowment of rights to live and flourish, according to the model, is grounded upon the reality of man’s relationship with the natural environment and that between these different parts of the natu

Economic Profile of the US Airline Industry Research Paper

Economic Profile of the US Airline Industry - Research Paper Example This had negative impacts on the industry. The elasticity of demand is affected by the reason the passenger travels. Three reasons that can be accounted for travelling by airplanes are business necessity, time saving and pleasure. The financial crisis forced many travelers to opt for other modes of transport leading to loss of revenue for the industry as a whole. While calculating the price of tickets the airline companies use a formula that takes care of the yield as well as inventory cost. Sometimes customers look to book tickets that are close to the departure dates. There is certain amount of risks to the airline industry as if the seats are not filled the flight will have to travel with vacant seats which again brings revenue loss to the consumers. In order to mitigate such kind of risks the airlines have to increase the price of tickets. The high volatility of the prices of crude oil leaves the airline operators at greater risk of cost fluctuations. Therefore the demand conditi ons are highly affected by the fluctuations in the crude oil prices. The travel by airplanes is considered as luxury and luxury tax is added with the price of tickets. The demand conditions can be affected by the existence of such taxes too. The price elasticity of supply for the airline industry is elastic. The availability of seats in the airplanes responds substantially to the changes in prices which prove the elasticity of the airline industry. Elastic supply can also be witnessed in the price wars that are initiated by the competitors. The drastic changes in the prices of tickets bring about large or small changes in the availability of seats on airplanes. Monetary and/or fiscal policies that have affected the airline industry The...This research paper offers comprehensive analysis of the current trends on the American market, where the airline companies operate. Also, effectiveness of the economic policies of the US government toward the industry is evaluated. The airline industry is a cyclical one. The industry witnesses bankruptcy as well as M&A activities every decade. The estimates of the International Air Transport Association and that of Federal Aviation Administration expect a rise in cargo traffic and passengers along with decline in profits for the airline companies. The airline industry is dependent on the conditions of the market.. The demand for the industry was greatly influenced by the global financial crisis and the fluctuations in the oil prices. It is a competitive industry as many players have emerged into the market. The other modes of transport provide competition to the industry. The monetary and the fiscal policies can influence the aggregate demand. Monetary policies can influence the shift in the aggregate demand for goods as well as services by increasing the supply of money. The economy can also contribute in the industry through lack of competition or through increased competition. The same factors that determines economic performance also affects the growth of the international airline industry. The factors includes growth in international trade, the rise of GDP and the growth of the industries that use air services. Sustained economic growth of international trade has strong positive impact on international traffic.