Social Media And Its Effect On Communication - 1361 Words

During a crisis, social media channels such as blogs, Facebook pages and instant messages can be used to keep stakeholders updated, stay connected with stakeholders, and collectively find a solution to overcome a crisis (Ulmer et al., 2015). While a number of social media characteristics are typically considered before its adoption in communication activities, three characteristics are mentioned more frequently in communication literature. In most crisis communication studies, speed, ease of reach and a personalized conversation are recognized advantages of social media. These particular advantages were supported by Schultz and colleagues (2012) in their review of the existing literature on this topic. Compared to traditional media, which†¦show more content†¦Moreover, Ruehl and Ingenhoff (2015) asserted that by sharing information on organization-owned social media channels, an organization can see immediate results of their efforts, enjoy increases in the number of followe rs or â€Å"likes,† in the number of conversations (posts on Facebook wall), and in amplification (â€Å"shares† of a post among networks). Ruehl and Ingenhoff (2015) believe that communicating corporate values on social media can increase stakeholder engagement with an organization. As a result, many scholars agree that the interactivity and swiftness of social media have made it a preferred choice for organizations to communicate with stakeholders (Capriotti Kuklinski, 2012). Additionally, as a collection of online channels, social media has five distinct features, detailed by Coombs (2014): †¢ Participation: Any social media user can create, distribute and give feedback on content. †¢ Openness: Social media owners allow others to post and give feedback on content on their channels. †¢ Conversation: The channels facilitate dialogue. †¢ Communities: People with the same interest can form groups easily and quickly. †¢ Connectedness: One content item is heavily linked to another, thus creating a â€Å"web† of information. Combined, these five features allow social media users to reach one another easily and conveniently. In times of crisis, this ease of reach can be both an advantage and disadvantage to organizations. On one hand, it provides organizations an opportunityShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Effect On Communication1269 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media and social networking seems to be play an imperative part in individuals lives around the world. Not only is it part of your everyday life, but it is also about of the workforce world as well. Many can debate whether social media is crippling or in fact improving our communication skills. Perhaps sitting behind a computer communicating with our family and friends seems to be getting easier. However, what happen to the days where one would have to pick up the phone and reach out to theirRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Communication Essay2086 Words   |  9 Pagesthat social media has become the new form of verbal communication. T hough it may seem much less time consuming, it is often misinterpreted; what used to be a simple verbal dialog can now become a messy game of â€Å"telephone† by hiding behind a keyboard. The way people use social media to present themselves is the leading factor in miscommunication and false self-disclosure. On the other end, social media has many benefits in connecting people all over the world. The actual use of social media when communicatingRead MoreEffects of social media on communication skills1675 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects of Social Media on Communication Skills May 20, 2013 Abstract This paper summarizes the effects of social media on hindering communication skills and reducing social activity in the world. Each reason is supported by evidence by referring to four published books and some articles online. It focuses mainly on social media via the Web, such as, Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace, to which many of the youth are exposed to nowadays, and this exposure has led to addiction. ThisRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1644 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s day in age almost everyone has some form of social media. Many people have more than one. Whether it is Facebook, Twitter or some other form. We all use it to express and communicate our thoughts and feelings about ourselves and the world. Because of this many people do not know how to communicate face to face anymore and many times even hide behind their keyboard. Keller (2013), Quotes Paul Booth an assistant professor of media and cinema studies saying â€Å"There has been a shift in th eRead MoreThe Effect of Social Media on Relationships1718 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Effect of Social Media on Relationships New communication technologies are changing the lives of everyone around the world, including the way people foster relationships. Yet, from Psychology Today to The New York Times editorial page, everyone is weighing in on the harmful effects of social media on relationships. Criticisms include the danger of isolation, the loss of social etiquette, and the possibility of being misled by web-based information posted on Internet forums like FacebookRead MoreHow Social Media Improved Communication? Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesThe social media is one of the most common ways of communication and pretty much of knowing anything and everything around the world these days, and it is growing very rapidly. It changes and affects each person in a different way, or ways. Some may argue that social media has a bad influence on children and young adults, and that it negatively effects their brains, character, or personalities, while most people see that the social media has a more positive eff ect on them than a negative one. MoreoverRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1716 Words   |  7 PagesTwitter, Instagram, and many other social media sites, these changed the way that we communicate with one another. Social platforms allow people to share events of their own lives, through posting photos, leaving comments, updating their status, and many others. For example, â€Å"As of today, there are a little over 322 million people that live in the United States, 64% of whom own a smartphone. This means that approximately 206 million people have access to social media, anywhere at any time. FurthermoreRead MoreSocial Media Has A Positive Effect On People s Life943 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Media is website and application which allow operators to connect and share information with different people around the world. For instance, Facebook, Twitter, and Google are some of the social media networks that became popular in most countries over the decades. The use of the so cial media seems not to be the source of happiness among people’s lives. Individuals are mostly like to avoid to use social media because they believe that it had negative effects such as cyberbullying and misinformationRead MoreThe Uses And Gratifications Research Of Mass Communication Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagesgratifications research of Mass Communication is still relevant in the modern world as well as considering the possibility that the Era of Mass Communication has ended completely. According to Thomas E. Ruggiero, the uses and gratifications are evolving to approach towards the new mass communication form, from the early years of newspaper, radio and television, and now the Internet (Ruggiero, 2000). These technologies are used to reach large audiences for media purposes. Internet and social networking has becomeRead MoreEssay about Week Three Assignment Hca 3201284 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Care Communication Methods HCS/320 June 17, 2013 Lyubov Kiseleva Axia College of University of Phoenix Every day in the health care field, professional have to choose the most effective communication method when communicating to other professionals, patients, patient families, and the general public. Different circumstances have very specific methods of communication that need to be utilized for communication to be effective. Furthermore, in the health care field the regulations

Interpersonal Communication Skills - 622 Words

1 Running head: RESEARCH ON FOETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME IN LIGHT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT. 1 Research on foetal Alcohol syndrome in light of the South African context. South African College of Applied Psychology2 Class: I Due Date: RESEARCH ON FOETAL SYNDROME IN LIGHT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT. 3 4 Table of contents5 Table of contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........................................................2 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Definition of FAS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Characteristics of FAS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 How does Alcohol affect the brain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 How is a baby with FAS†¦show more content†¦Poverty, Unemployment and Health problems are the other contributory factors of FAS. Definition of FAS Foetal Alcohol Syndrome is a Pattern of mental and physical defects that develop in a foetus during pregnancy in association with high level of Alcohol consumption during pregnancy. When pregnant women consume alcohol during pregnancy it is carried to all her organs and her tissues including the placenta. The placenta ‘s function is to protect the foetus and provide nourishment from the mother to the Foetus, Alcohol is able to cross the placenta membrane and it is the transported to all developing tissues of the foetus. Characteristics of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome * Growth Deficiency Poor growth in length, head circumference and weight, which start in the womb and continues after birth. * Central Nervous System Delayed development or mental handicap, which ranges from borderline to severe. Learning difficulties Poor School performance Short concentration span Poor Memory Hyperactive Behavior and Poor judgment. * Facial Features Small eyes with folds at the inner aspects of the eyes. Saddle Nose, known as a flattened nasal bridge with upturned nostrils. A small lower jaw. A smooth upper lip with absence of the normal groove under the nose known as ‘Philtrum’ RESEARCH ON FOETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME IN LIGHT OFShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Communication Skill Of Feedback983 Words   |  4 PagesThe interpersonal communication skill of feedback is essential for hospital nurses to give a suitable care to each patient because it enables the nurses to learn, and improve their motivation, performance and efficiency that assist to achieve their goal which is to help the patients heal. The interpersonal communication skill of feedback is a system of conveying information between two people regarding the receiver’s performance (Baker et al. 2013). In general, feedback is employed to deliver informationRead MoreThe Importance Of The Three Skills Interpersonal Communication Skills1850 Words   |  8 Pagesestablish the importance of the three skills interpersonal communication skills; listening, feedback, and questioning. Benefits of each of these interpersonal skills within the field of engineering were also stated. This report collected infor mation from a range of peer reviewed sources and credible sources related to the field of engineering. This report has outlined a variety of benefits and explanations regarding the three interpersonal communication skills of listening, feedback and questioningRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Skills And The Math Class972 Words   |  4 Pages Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) observed in the math class. One of the first examples where I noticed BICS taking place was at the beginning of class time. As the students set up their desks and chalk boards, they were all loudly conversy about whatever they deemed fit. This is considered a BICS because the students were interpersonally conversing within the classroom about subjects related and unrelated to the math class with one another. For example, This BICS example wasRead MoreImportance of Interpersonal Communication Skills in Healthcare Professions1558 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of Interpersonal Communicat ion sills in Healthcare Professions Interpersonal communication is a fundamental element to any healthcare interaction. First, second and third person communication skills are primary aspects of an interaction, encompassing both verbal and non-verbal communication skills. It will be argued that rapport building and questioning are vital interpersonal skills in a healthcare context and possessing the ability to ensue a positive relationship between a healthcareRead MoreThe Role Of Interpersonal Communication Skills For Development And The Process2009 Words   |  9 Pagesreport. Although Collaborative Communication Competence Scale (CCCS) could gave me the result of my communication problems, but it did not provide satisfactory understanding or clarify the reason why they thought that I needed to practice those skills. As Purhonen, Rouhiainen-Neunhà ¤userer and Valkonen (2010) explained that ‘this kind of measurement seemed to be influenced by the cultural, individual and relationships specific factors such as t he variety of communication goals or shared experiences ofRead MoreThe Importance Of Interpersonal Communication Through The Implementation Of Listening, Feedback And Questioning Skills1270 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefits of interpersonal communication through the implementation of listening, feedback and questioning skills. This report additionally addresses recommendations in regard to the effectiveness of interpersonal communication skills being employed as an Events Coordinator. This report was authorized by the Professional Conference Organisers (PCO) representing the interests of event coordinators, managers and planners Australia wide. 1.2 Scope and Methodology The interpersonal communication skills of listeningRead MoreAnger Response Inventory To Evaluate The Effect Of Shame And Guilt On Interpersonal Communication Skills746 Words   |  3 Pagesthe anger response inventory to evaluate the effect of shame and guilt on interpersonal communication skills. American Journal of Health Education, 35(3), 152-157. DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2004.10603631. Introduction/ Purpose: We know that positive interpersonal skills are good and teaching those skills is important (Joint Committee on Health Education Standards, 1995). Shame is related to negative reactions in interpersonal conflicts (Balcom, 1991), and has contributed to mental illnesses like depressionRead More Communication and Interpersonal Skills1495 Words   |  6 Pagesassignment is to critique a role play, and look at the positive and negative, that relates theory and knowledge regarding the use of communication and interpersonal skills, and how and when to use verbal, non-verbal and Para-verbal communication within the role play scenario that was chosen. The author will also discuss the different models of Communication, and how they use a person centred approach to counsel and interact, and how best to handle and approach a situation in the correctRead MoreInterpersonal Communication And Communication Skills976 Words   |  4 PagesInterpersonal Communication is inevitable; we cannot go through our lives without interacting with another person. Our daily interactions with others can form new friendships, strengthen our relationship with our partner, or even attain new ideas that we otherwise would not have known of if we never interacted that person. While some of our daily interactions may only be impersonal communication, or interacting with someone based on their role, such as a sales clerk, interpersonal communication helpsRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Skills9471 Words   |  38 PagesINTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS THAT ENHANCE ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT Mary Bambacas and Margaret Patrickson Abstract The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, to investigate the interpersonal communication skills that human resource (HR) managers expect managers in supervisory positions possess. Second, to identify which of these skills HR managers expect managers use to engender subordinate commitment to the organisation. Third, the paper aims to investigate what interpersonal communication

Payroll Free Essays

Payroll In a company, payroll is the sum of all financial records of salaries for an employee, wages, bonuses and deductions. In accounting, payroll refers to the amount paid to employees for services they provided during a certain period of time. Payroll plays a major role in a company for several reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Payroll or any similar topic only for you Order Now From an accounting perspective, payroll is crucial because payroll and payroll taxes considerably affect the net income of most companies and they are subject to laws and regulations. Definition of ‘Payroll’ The sum total of all compensation that a business must pay to its employees for a set period of time or on a given date. Payroll is usually managed by the accounting department of a business. Small-business payrolls may be handled directly by the owner or an associate. Investopedia explains ‘Payroll’ Payroll can also refer to the list of employees of a business and the amount of compensation that is due to each of them. Payroll Is a major expense for most businesses and Is almost always deductible as such. Payroll can differ from one pay period to another due to overtime, sick pay and other variables. The primary mission of the payroll department Is to ensure that all employees are paid accurately and timely with the correct withholdings and deductions, and to ensure the withholdings and deductions are remitted In a timely manner. This includes salary payments, tax withholdings, and deductions from a paycheck. Companies typically generate their payrolls at regular Intervals, for the enefit of regular Income to their employees. The regularity of the Intervals varies from company to company, and sometimes between Job grades within a given company. Common payroll frequencies Include: dally, weekly, bl-weekly/fortnlghtly (once every two weeks), semi-monthly (twice per month), and to a somewhat lesser extent, monthly. Less common payroll frequencies Include: 4-weekly (13 times per year), bl-monthly (once every two months), quarterly (once every 13 weeks), semi- annually (twice per year), and annually. How to cite Payroll, Papers

Analysis And Proposal confidence prediction - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis And Proposal confidence prediction. Answer: Article analysis The title of the article is A Burkholderia Type VI Effector Deamidates Rho GTPases to Activate the Pyrin Inflammasome and Trigger Inflammation Summary Burkholderia cenocepacia is a Gram-negative environmental pathogen that causes opportunistic infections in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (Juhas et al., 2012). The type VI secretion system of B. cenocepacia is required for its pathogenesis (Rosales-Reyes et al., 2012). This secretion system inactivates the Rho type GTPases, thereby causing downregulation of the phagocytic activity of macrophages, blocks assesmbly of the NADPH oxidase onto the vacuole containing the B. cenocepacia and also causes disruption of the actin cytoskeleton of macrophages (Rosales?Reyes et al., 2012; Toesca, French Miller, 2014). It also causes activation of the secretion of interlekins (IL)-1/18, macrophage pyroptosis and caspase 1 inflammasome (Gavrilin et al., 2012). This study identifies a non VgrG type VI secretion system effector molecule responsible for disruption of the actin cytoskeleton of macrophages. This Type VI secretion system effector is termed as TecA. This TecA effector causes d eamidation of of the Rho-GTPases. The target amino acid of TecA is asparagine. Deamidation of the asparagines 41 causes inactivation of the GTPases and eventual disruption of the actin cytoskeleton of host macrophages. Deamidation of RhoA by TecA causes activation of the Pyrin inflammasome, which in turn causes inflammation in the lungs. Thus, this study characterizes TecA and identifies its role as a non-VgrG type VI secretion system effector and carries out modification of the eukaryotic host, thereby causing host cell death and inflammation. Knowledge gap addressed and the main thesis of the article Very few reports are available regarding the characterization of Type VI secretion system effectors belonging to the non-VgrG family (Jiang et al., 2014; Miyata et al., 2013). Moreover, the physiological functions of the few non-VgrG family Type VI secretion system effectors reported were not identified (Valvano et al., 2015). Moreover, no reports were previously present that dealt with Type VI secretion system effectors of B. cenocepacia that can carry out disruption of the actin cytoskeletons of macrophages, thereby altering their physiology. The main thesis of the paper is to identify and characterize the mechanism of action of the Type VI secretion system effector TecA in B. cenocepacia pathogenesis. Hypothesis and Experimental methods The hypothesis for the first figure is the identification of the tecA gene encoding a non-VgrG family Type VI secretion system effector that can carry out alterations in host targets. The first hypothesis deals with the genetic mapping of tecA, which was found to be located in the chromosome 2 of B. cenocepacia K56-2 strain. B. cenocepacia tecA mutants when infected into macrophages produced a bead like appearance phenotype, which got abolished when tecA was expressed in trans through a plasmid. Thus, it was found that mutation of TecA affected its ability to carry out actin rearrangements. The hypothesis for the second figure identifies the target of TecA. It was found that TecA causes RhoA deamidation at the asparagines residue located at position 41. Mass spectrometry helped to identify the amino acid that is modified in RhoA. The hypothesis for figure 3 is that TecA is highly essential for deamidation of Rho and when mutated cannot carry out deamidation. Complementation of the te cA mutant with TecA expressed from a plasmid helped to induce RhoA modifiucation and mass spectrometry helped to show that asparagines at position 41 of RhoA gets converted to aspartic acid by TecA. Moreover, Rac1 was found to be modified at position 39, which is homologous to RhoA that undergoes modification at position 41. The hypothesis of the fourth figure is that TecA is a deamidases that modifies Rho type GTPases. BLAST analysis was carried out to determine the other TecA orthologs. Homologs were also identified. A conserved Cys-His-Asp sequence were identified, where the cysteine acts a s a nucleophile. Moreover, in silico modeling were also carried out. The hypothesis for the fifth figure is that RhoA deamidation activates the Pyrin inflammasomes. Mutation of tecA was unable to cause caspase 1 activation, interleukin secretion and pyroptosis. However, mutation of the residues of the catalytic triad resulted in loss of function of TecA. The hypothesis for the last figure is t hat TecA causes lung inflammation and when recognized by Pyrin, it gives protection from severe lung infection in mice. Immunoblotting and ELISA experiments were carried out. The results were highly compelling as these helped to identify the mechanism of action of TecA and also the targets that are modified by TecA in eukaryotic hosts. Conclusion The article is highly compelling as it for the first time helps to demonstrate the effects of a non-VgrG family type VI secretion system effector TecA in the pathogenesis of B. cenocepacia. This study carries out the experiments in mice models, but future experiments are needed to determine the effect of TecA in plant and insect models. Moreover, it is also necessary to determine whether TecA from B. cenocepacia can function in other pathogens using the Type VI secretion system. It is necessary to determine the position of TecA where the substrate RhoA binds. Research Proposal The title of my research proposal is Identification of the binding site of RhoA in the deamidase TecA in B. cenocepacia. The substrate binding site of TecA is not known, so my research objective would be to determine the binding site for RhoA in TecA. Hypothesis Hypothesis 1 The deamidase TecA has a specific binding site for its substrate RhoA. RhoA binding domains have previously been identified in other species, hence it is necessary to determine the binding site of RhoA in the deamidase TecA (Shang et al., 2012). This can be carried out by application of yeast 2 hybrid screens (Stynen et al., 2012). It will help to determine the binding site of RhoA in TecA. Hypothesis 2 The binding sequence for RhoA in TecA of B. cenocepacia shows significant homology with the other identified RhoA binding proteins. Sequence homology needs to be determined by carrying out sequence analysis using bioinformatic tools like BLAST, CLUSTALW, among others. This will help to determine the binding site sequence of TecA. Hypothesis 3 TecA carries out deamidation of RhoA in plant and insect models. To address this hypothesis, mutation of TecA will be carried out, followed by introduction of the B. cenocepacia tecA mutants in plant and insect cell lines. The ability of the mutants can be determined by its ability to carry out actin disruption in the host macrophages. For this phase contrast microscopy can be carried out. This will help to determine whether TecA has the same mechanism of action in other eukaryotic host models. Hypothesis 4 Overexpression of TecA from B. cenocepacia can complement the phenotypes of the tecA mutants in other pathogenic microorganisms. To address this hypothesis, tecA mutant of other pathogenic microorganisms can be complemented with B. cenocepacia TecA. TecA from B. cenocepacia can be cloned in an expression plasmid and overexpressed in trans in the tecA mutants in other species. Phase contrast microscopy can be carried out to determine the effects of overexpression of B. cenocepacia TecA on the stability of macrophages. This experiment will help to determine whether TecA can function in heterologous hosts as well. Bibliography Gavrilin, M. A., Abdelaziz, D. H., Mostafa, M., Abdulrahman, B. A., Grandhi, J., Akhter, A., ... Amer, A. O. (2012). Activation of the pyrin inflammasome by intracellular Burkholderia cenocepacia.The Journal of Immunology,188(7), 3469-3477. Jiang, F., Waterfield, N. R., Yang, J., Yang, G., Jin, Q. (2014). A Pseudomonas aeruginosa type VI secretion phospholipase D effector targets both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Cell host microbe,15(5), 600-610. Juhas, M., Stark, M., von Mering, C., Lumjiaktase, P., Crook, D. W., Valvano, M. A., Eberl, L. (2012). High confidence prediction of essential genes in Burkholderia cenocepacia.PloS one,7(6), e40064. Miyata, S. T., Unterweger, D., Rudko, S. P., Pukatzki, S. (2013). Dual expression profile of type VI secretion system immunity genes protects pandemic Vibrio cholerae.PLoS pathogens,9(12), e1003752. Rosales-Reyes, R., Aubert, D. F., Tolman, J. S., Amer, A. O., Valvano, M. A. (2012). Burkholderia cenocepacia type VI secretion system mediates escape of type II secreted proteins into the cytoplasm of infected macrophages.PLoS One,7(7), e41726. Rosales?Reyes, R., Skeldon, A. M., Aubert, D. F., Valvano, M. A. (2012). The Type VI secretion system of Burkholderia cenocepacia affects multiple Rho family GTPases disrupting the actin cytoskeleton and the assembly of NADPH oxidase complex in macrophages.Cellular microbiology,14(2), 255-273. Shang, X., Marchioni, F., Sipes, N., Evelyn, C. R., Jerabek-Willemsen, M., Duhr, S., ... Zheng, Y. (2012). Rational design of small molecule inhibitors targeting RhoA subfamily Rho GTPases.Chemistry biology,19(6), 699-710. Stynen, B., Tournu, H., Tavernier, J., Van Dijck, P. (2012). Diversity in genetic in vivo methods for protein-protein interaction studies: from the yeast two-hybrid system to the mammalian split-luciferase system.Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,76(2), 331-382. Toesca, I. J., French, C. T., Miller, J. F. (2014). The Type VI secretion system spike protein VgrG5 mediates membrane fusion during intercellular spread by pseudomallei group Burkholderia species.Infection and immunity,82(4), 1436-1444. Valvano, M. A. (2015). Intracellular survival of Burkholderia cepacia complex in phagocytic cells.Canadian journal of microbiology,61(9), 607-615.

Trifles and the American Experience free essay sample

It was written based on real events. When Glaspell was a reporter, she covered a murder case in a small town in Iowa. Later, she wrote this short play which was inspired by her investigation and what she observed. Glaspell used irony, symbolism, and setting in her creation of the authentic American drama, â€Å"Trifles†, to express life for women in a male-dominated society in the early nineteen hundreds. Glaspell identifies the inferiority of women by using body language throughout this play. From the very beginning, they are in some ways timid where they stand. The women stand close together. The women enter kitchen and stand close together near the door (Glaspell, 2011). As the drama within the play escalates, and each time the men criticize Mrs. Wright, the women tend to move even closer together. This portrayal of body language by women throughout this play is Glaspell’s way of showing the bond of women and their understanding of how they are viewed by men. We will write a custom essay sample on Trifles and the American Experience or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Trifles are most commonly described as things of little or no importance or things with little or no value. Most men viewed women as trifles, along with the little hobbies they enjoyed, or items that were special to them. Mrs. Wright had many items that were special to her along with her hobbies within the kitchen and the hobby of quilting, as did other women during the early nineteen hundreds, yet to the men, these things were considered trifles. Glaspell clearly shows the inferior position of women in early twentieth-century America as well as the differences between men and women. Dramatic irony within â€Å"Trifles† is displayed in the play as the women find the evidence of the murder that would help to prove that Mrs. Wright was the one who killed her husband, but they would never tell the men. In this era, the women were always going along with the men in what they said, even if they did not agree with them. This was what women had always done, and were expected to do. The men felt they were superior to the women. They felt the women should not have the right to vote, nor have a say so in every day decisions. Therefore, in this case, the women stuck together because they felt the need to take up for one another. At times, they felt sorry for one another, especially Mrs. Wright, and the way she was treated. It was Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters who took note of Mrs. Wright’s trifles within the kitchen. The sheriff, the attorney, and the neighbor boast about their abilities to problem solve. They portray themselves to be great detectives. The men belittled the women about the little things they were looking at because they were womanly and within the woman’s domain, the kitchen. The men spent more time in other areas of the house looking for things of more significance. Little did they know, they were only hurting themselves by overlooking some very important clues that would help them solve the murder. The women make the decision together to withhold the information they find from the men, thinking the men probably wouldn’t listen to their thoughts anyway. During this period of time, very few women had paying jobs. Those who didn’t were not recognized for doing anything worthwhile for their society, especially like doing the job of the men, which was to find out who killed Mr. Wright. The women felt if they did tell the men what they found, the men would take the credit for solving this crime. Throughout history, the woman’s role was to be a respectful and obedient wife. The woman’s main duty was to support and serve her husband, and live for him and their children. The men in this play feel that the women are not good thinkers and cannot begin to harm any of their investigative work. This withholding of evidence was to some extent the women’s way of doing just this. Yet, it was also the women’s way of being loyal to their gender. It made the women feel superior to the men as they were able to solve the mystery, and the men were not. At the end of the play the county attorney makes a sarcastic comment to Mr. Hale that at least they found out Mrs. Wright was not going to quilt it, and asked the ladies what they called it. Ms. Hale, holding the bird in her pocket, answered and told him that they called it – knot it (Glaspell, 2011). The title of the play â€Å"Trifles† is a major symbol of how men viewed women in the early nineteen hundreds, something small, and of little value or importance. One of the examples of trifles within the play is the bird in the cage which symbolized Mrs. Wright and the life not only she had to live, but other women faced during this time as well. Women, as well as Mrs. Wright, felt caged in her own homes, and some were not able to associate with their friends. Women had no right to vote, or have a say so as to anything except what went on inside the home as far as cleaning, cooking, sewing, and tending to their children. The stove fire symbolizes Mr. and Mrs. Wrights’ relationship. The fire had gone out of their relationship. The stove fire going out made the house freezing cold, and caused the jars of preserves she had worked so hard on, to crack and break. These jars represented the warm and caring life that Mrs. Wright longed for. When the house turned cold, as did her relationship, the jars would crack and break, just as Mrs. Wright’s emotions, leading her to murder her husband. All of the jars were broken with the exception of one, which seemed to have represented Mrs. Wright’s hope for a new start; the start she’d have after Mr. Wright was no longer in her life. The unevenly sewn stitches on the quilt block that Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters found symbolized Mrs. Wrights’ emotional and mental state at the time when she was nervous about what she was going to do. As her thoughts centered on what Mr. Wright had done to her bird and the thoughts of committing the act of murder set in, the stitches became more loose and uneven on the quilt block. The men just made fun of the ladies looking at quilt pieces and the stitches, not thinking that any clues could be found from something that a woman found interesting. The rope Mrs. Wright used for the murder made her feel powerful and somewhat equal to, and not below her husband any longer. The rope made her feel strong. The bird gave back to Mrs. Wright something that she was missing in her lonely life. She missed singing in the choir since this was not allowed by her husband, Mr. Wright. She would sing with the bird, and this annoyed Mr. Wright. The one thing that gave her the little bit of joy she had in her life was now gone. Mr. Wright had strangled her companion, her pet bird. Mrs. Wright had put up with this treatment far too long, and now she was going to be strong enough to rebel against her husband. The notion of a party telephone symbolizes the question of justice. Mr. Wright did not want his wife communicating with others. In the end, Mrs. Hale realizes that Mr. Wright has committed the greatest crime, the crime of cutting his wife off from communicating and understanding others. Mrs. Wright brings justice for herself. The name, Mrs. Minnie Wright, is a symbol in itself. Within Minnie, is the word â€Å"mini† which is what the men of this time thought of the women and their trifles. Minnie’s last name, Wright, symbolizes what women want during this time, a â€Å"right† to have a say so in life, a â€Å"right† to be heard, and the â€Å"right† to vote. This also implies Minnie’s â€Å"right† to free herself from what society felt was her husband’s â€Å"right† to be a controlling husband. Then, when you put the two names together, you have Minnie Wright which symbolizes the minimal right that women had during the 1900’s. The setting of â€Å"Trifles† is a reflection of women’s emotions during this male-dominated time in the early nineteen hundreds. The particulars of the setting in this play provide clues for solving who killed Mr. Wright. Glaspell uses minimal but helpful elements in the setting to create suspense as the mission is made to solve the murder that happened on the Wright farm. The play takes place on a farm, one winter night when the temperatures had dropped below zero. Glaspell uses this setting to show the attitude of Mr. amp; Mrs. Wright’s lives on the farm. Mrs. Hale describes Mr. Wright as â€Å"a raw wind that gets to the bone† (Glaspell, 2011 p. 1717). This winter setting plays a big influence to the characters attitudes and events within the play. The lifelessness environment during the season of winter portrayed the lifelessness of emotions that Mrs. Wright, as well as other women during this time, experienced in their own homes. On this cold winter night the cold penetrated the house and caused Mrs. Wright’s canned preserves to burst. Similarly, Mr. Wright was described as being cold, thus causing Mrs. Wright’s emotional state of being, due to her husband’s coldness, to burst just like the preserves. The loneliness that Mrs. Wright had within this house and this relationship placed her under a lot of pressure. This pressure caused her to burst out of her normality and murder her husband. The physical setting of the farm within the lonely hollow goes right along with the lonely feeling Mrs. Wright had on this farm. She and her husband would work hard all day. She would be busy inside the house, and he would be working hard on the outside, â€Å"there’s a great deal of work to be done on a farm† (Glaspell, 2011 p. 1713). At the end of the day when Mr. Wright would come in, he would show her no attention therefore, she was still lonely. This loneliness went even further than her house on the farm, it extended to her neighbors. Mrs. Wright’s husband did not want her to have companionship with anyone. Mrs. Hale even comments that, â€Å"We live close together and we live far apart† (Glaspell, 2011 p. 1718). Mr. Wright did not like companionship. It was made mention that even if Mr. Wright would have let Mrs. Wright have companionship, she still may have been lonely, and had no visitors, due to the fact that with the farm being down in the hollow, one could not even see the road. Mrs. Hale even comments that she did not visit Mrs. Wright due to the fact that her house never seemed like a cheerful place, and because of the tension that was within it due to Mr. Wright. Even when party telephones were made available, Mr. Wright told Mr. Hale he did not want to go in with him on a party telephone. He didn’t think they needed one, not due to money, but due to the fact that, â€Å"folks talk too much anyway† (Glaspell, 2011, 1711). This is how men wanted it for women during this time, secluded from anything but the home and the work that should be done. The men felt that the women should be working instead of gossiping and doing things of less importance than the work that needed to be done inside the home. Even more important than the seasonal setting of winter and the physical setting of the farm being in the lonely hollow, was the physical setting of the kitchen that Glaspell uses as the setting for the stage of the play. During the play, the sheriff, the attorney, and the neighbor move about the house trying to solve the mystery; the two women stay in one place, the kitchen, looking for clues. During this time, the woman’s place was mainly inside the home in the kitchen. It is in the kitchen where Mrs. Wright feels trapped and spends the majority of her time during the day. It is also where Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters remain throughout the entire play. The characteristics within the kitchen were gloomy just like the hollow. Mrs. Wright’s kitchen was not in order, just as her life was not in order. There were unwashed pans, bread out of the bread box, and a dirty dish towel. The men are quick to criticize Mrs. Wrights housekeeping skills. The men during this time did not give credit to the women for the hard labor they performed daily within the home. The men in the play were so busy looking for clues everywhere else, they did not analyze the fact that the untidiness of her kitchen might have been due to the emotional state of Mrs. Wright. Something had triggered her emotions, possibly Mr. Wright’s strangling of the bird, making her stop what she was doing in her kitchen, and therefore, she was not able to finish her bread, or finish tidying up her kitchen. The men were blind to taking this into consideration. The men do not feel that there is anything of importance within the kitchen, not even the women when they were in it. The men are not comfortable within the kitchen, as this was the place for a woman. This caused them to miss out on finding the clues that were in the kitchen, thus, they missed out on solving the murder mystery. Through â€Å"Trifles†, Glaspell presents the moral predicament Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale were in, and the way in which Mrs. Wright’s trifles brings to light the consciousness of both of them, especially Mrs. Peters, taking them from knowing what actually happened, getting upset about it, and then taking action upon it (Mael,1989). In the beginning of the play, Ms. Peters, due to being the sheriff’s wife, tends to side with the men in the play. As Mrs. Hale talks about how the men locked Mrs. Wright up in jail, and now they are sneaking around in her house, Mrs. Peters responds, â€Å"the law is the law† (Glaspell, 2011, p 1715). Again, when Mrs. Hale is upset that the men are making fun of them taking up time with the little things in the kitchen while waiting on them to get the evidence they came looking for, Mrs. Peters comes to the men’s defense again, â€Å"they’ve got awful important things on their minds† (Glaspell, 2011, p 1715). And then again when Mrs. Hale notices the unevenly sewn stitches and starts pulling them out in order to redo them, Mrs. Peters says that she didn’t feel like they ought to touch things (Glaspell, 2011). As Mrs. Peters further listens to Mrs. Hales’ recollection of Mrs. Wright, it triggers memories of loneliness within her past that somewhat relates to Mrs. Wright’s loneliness and how she must have felt during this time in her life. It is at this time when Mrs. Peters begins to see Mrs. Hales’ point of view make sense. Then together they determine with the evidence they have found, the women, have solved the murder mystery. Within this play, Glaspell also shows the dissimilarity of women’s actions around men and amongst themselves. When the men are around, the women are silent, as they were expected to be during this time, unless they were spoken to. When the women are left alone in the kitchen while the men are investigating upstairs and at the barn, the women talk amongst themselves freely, allowing them to quickly solve the murder mystery. Although these women were initially strangers, they become silent conspirators in destroying the evidence (Spalter-Roth, 1975). The evidence that it was indeed Mrs. Wright who strangled her husband, but this they would not tell to the men. In conclusion, â€Å"Trifles†, written to express life for women in a male-dominated society using irony, symbolism, and setting, was able to open up the eyes of many to the capabilities of women in that era. Glaspell shows within this play how being aware of, or having consciousness of, things that happen that one does not know about, could and would inspire women to take actions together which they most likely could or would not take individually. She portrays how as women share their emotions and experiences of their lives, they can act with a new and different respect for the importance of their lives as a woman. This respect is different from, but certainly equal to that of a man (Mael, 1989). The men’s irrelevance in the play and their failure to be able to solve the murder stands out within this play.

Before You Register for the MCAT

Before You Register for the MCAT    Sure, you want to register for the MCAT. Youre planning to attend medical school. Youve completed the necessary coursework to get you there, you have your recommendations all lined up and youre dreaming of your future career in the medical world. But, before you do all that, you need to take the MCAT and get a fabulous score. And before you can take the MCAT, you need to register. And before you register (are you seeing a pattern here?), you need to figure out a few things. Are you eligible to register? Do you have the proper identification? And if so, when should you test? Read the details about what you need to do before you register for the MCAT, so youre not scrambling when registration deadlines approach!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MCAT Registration FAQs Determine Your Eligibility Before you ever log into the AAMC website to register for the MCAT, youll need to figure out if youre even eligible to take the exam. Yes – there are people who will not be. If youre applying to a health professions school – allopathic, osteopathic, podiatric, and veterinary medicine – then youre eligible. Youll be required to sign a statement that indicates youre taking the MCAT only for the purpose of applying to medical school. There are some people who are interested in taking the MCAT who arent applying to medical school – test prep experts, professors, students who want to change medical schools, etc. – who can take it, but will need to obtain special permission to do so. If thats you, then youll need to send an email to mcataamc.org explaining your reasons for taking the test. Ordinarily, youll get a response within five business days. Secure Appropriate Identification Once youve determined that you may actually register for the MCAT, youll need to get your identification in order. Youll need these three identification items in order to register: An AAMC IDA user name connected to your IDA password You may already have an AAMC ID; youd need it to use any of the AAMC services like practice tests, MSAR database, Fee Assistance Program, etc. If you think you have an ID already, but you cant remember your login, then DO NOT create a new ID! This can botch the system and test score distribution! Call 202-828-0690 or email mcataamc.org if you need help with your current login. Be careful when entering your first and last names into the database. Your name must perfectly match your ID when you come into test. If you find out that youve mistyped your name, then youll need to change it in the system before the end of the Bronze Zone registration. After then, you wont be able to change your name, and you wont be able to test on your test date! Select The Best Test Dates The AAMC recommends that you take the MCAT in the same year you apply to medical school. If, for example, youre applying in 2018  for admittance to school in 2019, then youll need to take the exam in 2018. Most of the MCAT test dates and score release dates will give you sufficient time to meet application deadlines. Of course, every medical school is different, so to be absolutely sure you test with appropriate time to get scores to your first choice, check with the schools before you register for the MCAT. The AAMC also recommends that you dont take the MCAT for the first time in September because you may not have sufficient time to retest if your scores dont accurately reflect what you can do since the MCAT is not offered October – December. If youre thinking about testing more than once, take the exam early in the year from January – March, for instance. That way, youll have plenty of time for a retake if it comes to that. Register for the MCAT Are you ready to go? If so, click here to complete your MCAT registration today!

Research Proposal Form Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research Proposal Form - Dissertation Example In 1974, being the earliest legal opportunity, majority of the 16-year old British boys left full-time education. The driving force behind differentials in earnings at given levels of experience is the variation in years of schooling prior to labour market entry depicted in the simplest human capital model. But this model is inapplicable for the majority of young people in Britain because they have no schooling beyond the compulsory level. Therefore, it is essential to determine the big variation of success in the labour market regarding this group of young men. We observe the boys who left school in 1974 at the age of 16, and analyse their success with their respective occupations in 1981 (Connolly, et al. 1991; Elias & Blanchflower, 1988), by computing the average gross hourly earnings (over the whole male labour force) in the relevant occupation, gathered data from the Department of Employment’s New Earnings Survey. The sample considered is drawn from the National Child Dev elopment Study (NCDS) panel which is based on all individuals born in Britain in the week, March 3-9, 1958. The current paper aims to gather perceptions and causal attributions of the general public on youths not in employment, education, or training. The eventual goal is to facilitate these youth’s process of finding meaning – that is, assisting them in determining their rightful niches in society.